atan2 Y,X Returns the arctangent of Y/X in the range -PI to PI. For the tangent operation, you may use the "Math::Trig::tan" function, or use the familiar relation: sub tan { sin($_[0]) / cos($_[0]) } The return value for "atan2(0,0)" is implementation-defined; consult your atan2(3) manpage for more information. Portability issues: "atan2" in perlport.